Belgrade English Language and Literature Studies https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells <p>Belgrade English Language and Literature Studies (Belgrade BELLS) is an academic journal that publishes original research articles that address matters pertaining to the English language, anglophone literature, teaching, translation and cultural studies.</p> en-US <p>Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:</p> <ol start="1"> <li>Authors are confirming that they are the authors of the submitting article, which will be published (print and online) in <em> Belgrade English Language and Literature Studies</em> by the Faculty of Philology, University of Belgrade (Faculty of Philology, Studentski trg 3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia). Author’s name will be evident in the printed article in the journal. All decisions regarding layout and distribution of the work are in hands of the publisher.</li> <li>Authors guarantee that the work is their own original creation and does not infringe any statutory or common-law copyright or any proprietary right of any third party. In case of claims by third parties, authors commit their self to defend the interests of the publisher, and shall cover any potential costs.</li> <li>Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" target="_new">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a> that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.</li> <li>Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.</li> <li>Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.</li> </ol> belgrade.bells@gmail.com (Aleksandra Jovanović) branko.petric@fil.bg.ac.rs (Branko Petrić) Tue, 26 Dec 2023 12:01:01 +0100 OJS 3.2.1.2 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Hearer’s real-time aspect recognition in English as a compositional-aspect language vis-à-vis aspect recognition in verbal-aspect languages https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/339 <p>This paper deals with the way the hearer recognizes in real-time speech the aspect of a sentence or clause in English as perfective or imperfective. Due to the compositional effectuation of aspect in English, the aspect (perfective/imperfective) of an English sentence is explicated through an elaborate interplay between referents of situation-participant NPs and the referent of the verb, plus a possible impact from adverbials. This interplay involves the need for the hearer to wait until the end of a sentence or clause in compositional-aspect languages to identify the aspect of the situation and forms a stark contrast with verbal-aspect languages, where the aspect value of the verb can be clear even from the very beginning of a sentence.</p> Krasimir Kabakčiev, Desislava Dimitrova Copyright (c) 2023 Krasimir Kabakčiev, Desislava Dimitrova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/339 Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100 WHAT ARE PSEUDO-ANGLICISMS AND HOW CAN WE DEFINE THEM? https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/348 <p>Although it is a well-known fact that many languages borrow words and phrases from English, there are also many words coined from English elements that do not exist in varieties of English used by native speakers. These words are described as anglicisms in a broader sense, but since they are created by speakers of other languages, contain English elements, but do not appear in English, they are often referred to as pseudo-anglicisms. Pseudo-anglicisms differ across languages in terms of how they are formed and how they are defined by local linguists. It is possible to say that pseudo-anglicisms are often compounds, but according to various linguists, some languages also use derivation, semantic shift, or other processes to create them. In this paper, we will analyze different types of words described as pseudo-anglicisms in several European languages and attempt to provide a comprehensive definition based on their common features.</p> Nenad Tomović Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/348 Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100 Conceptual Integration in Altered Carbon Occasionalisms https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/305 <p>Since language has to adapt and follow technological advancement, terminology is much different than twenty years ago when Altered Carbon, a science fiction novel, was written. This paper explores its occasionalisms through the lens of cognitive linguistics, specifically Fauconnier and Turner’s theory of conceptual integration, with the aim of determining the entries’ integration network type (simplex, mirror, single-scope, double-scope). Within each, special attention was paid to the recurring blend between the human and the technological. It was assumed and later proven that double-scope is the most frequent network, and that the conceptual meaning of human + machine occurs in every network type, confirming that science fiction requires cognitive blending in order to understand the integration between these frequently reoccurring mental spaces.</p> Sofija Stefanović Copyright (c) 2023 Sofija Stefanović https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/305 Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100 A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON IMAGE-TEXT RELATIONS IN BIG PHARMA’S CODES OF ETHICS https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/338 <p>The study of image-text interconnections offers an interdisciplinary approach to understand and contextualise visuals. The present research explores image-text relations in codes of ethics (CoEs), which are corporate documents issued by corporations. Drawing from a generalised system of image-text relations (Martinec &amp; Salway 2005), quantitative and qualitative analyses are conducted to illustrate the type of image-text relation implemented in CoEs by companies operating in the global pharmaceutical sector, the so-called Big Pharma industry. Findings suggest that visual type does not necessarily determine a fixed pattern of image-text relations in CoEs. While pictures, drawings and tables display a clear, recurring trend, graphics do not.</p> Cinzia Giglioni, Ellen Patat Copyright (c) 2023 Cinzia Giglioni, Ellen Patat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/338 Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100 The Effect of Video-Watching in The EFL Classroom https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/324 <p>This paper presents the research conducted in a Vilnius middle school related to the effect of watching educational animated videos on the English acquisition process. For this purpose, 98 fifth- and seventh-graders participated in the research by taking a pre-test before watching a video three times, and then taking a post-test to check their improvement in different foreign language proficiency areas, all related to the shown video. The results overwhelmingly demonstrate the effectiveness of watching this sort of video content in the language learning process during adolescence, provided that the content is interesting and useful. In addition, the same students filled out a questionnaire on their preferences and their opinion about the improvement of foreign language skills related to video watching. The results provide a valuable insight into the EFL acquisition in the era of digital education.</p> Svetozar Poštić, Kasparas Gaižauskas Copyright (c) 2023 Svetozar Poštić, Kasparas Gaižauskas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/324 Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100 PROVIDING FEEDBACK ON STUDENTS’ WRITING IN EFL CLASSES WITH #LANCSBOX https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/330 <p>Heavy workloads do not always allow EFL teachers to be sole feedback providers, so there is a need to search for tools to facilitate the feedback provision process. This exploratory case study regarding students’ writing in EFL classes adopted a corpus-based approach. It used #LancsBox, a corpus tool, to analyse posts written on Moodle by Lithuanian students of English, as the study aimed to see what kind of information could be received and then provided to the students. The analysis revealed certain spelling variations, collocations, and patterns of information. The article suggests that corpus-driven analysis of written texts could be used for providing indirect feedback to higher-proficiency EFL students to foster their ability to correct their errors independently.</p> Aurelija Daukšaitė-Kolpakovienė Copyright (c) 2023 Aurelija Daukšaitė-Kolpakovienė https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/330 Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100 THE PEDAGOGY OF HANDWRITING IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF RESOURCES AND CHALLENGES IN SERBIA’S ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/343 <p>Establishing good handwriting habits in the earliest grades is very important for the entire schooling. It affects school performance and promotes learning. In Serbia, pupils start learning Cyrillic letters in Grade 1, while the Serbian Latin alphabet is taught in the second term in Grade 2. When it comes to ELT, there is no official introduction to the English Roman alphabet and children are expected to acquire the new script from Grade 3 and use it efficiently. In this paper, we analysed the learning resources for English (student’s books and workbooks) used in Grades 1 and 2 to determine the type of writing activities given, whether they provide sufficient support to develop writing skills, and how they can be improved. Based on the results, recommendations are given to improve the teaching instruction.</p> Danijela Ljubojević Copyright (c) 2023 Danijela Ljubojević https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/343 Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100 Editors’ Preface https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/346 Aleksandra V. Jovanović, Aleksandra Vukotić Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/346 Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100 THE PATHWAYS OF EZRA POUND’S POETRY IN SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/349 <p>The paper aims to provide an introduction to the study of the reception of Ezra Pound’s poetry in Serbia, and Montenegro. It also aims to examine the possible influences of his poetry on some Serbian and Montenegrin authors. I believe that his poetry is still alive and continues to evolve into new works and shapes – therein lies much of its challenge and fascination. An overview of the changing contexts for publishing Ezra Pound’s poetry and reactions to it highlights a strong response from Serbian scholars but the modest reception of his poetry in Montenegro. This provides a vital contextual setting for discussing the reception not only of his poetry, but also of American literature in Serbia and Montenegro.</p> Radojka Vukčević Copyright (c) 2023 Radojka Vukčević https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/349 Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100 Otherness and Sharing: Space, Emotions, and Discourse in Elizabeth von Arnim's The Enchanted April https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/328 <p>This paper deals with Elizabeth von Arnim’s 1922 novel The Enchanted April as an example of modernist travel narrative. The novel focuses on four different women vacationing together in Italy for a month and the present analysis aims to address how these protagonists experience otherness – of the Italian place, their own emotions, and one another. To this effect, the analysis relies on the theoretical concept of heterotopia and descriptions of Christian love. Close reading of selected excerpts, which prominently feature free indirect discourse (as a signifier of otherness in the text), reveals that otherness can be overcome through sharing and love mediated through the specific (heterotopic) spatial setting, which bears the aspects of sacredness and the potential for transformation.</p> Tijana Parezanović, Melina Nikolić Copyright (c) 2023 Tijana Parezanović, Melina Nikolić https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/328 Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100 KUREISHI’S HYBRID IDENTITIES - THE BLACK ALBUM AND MY SON THE FANATIC https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/300 <p>Hanif Kureishi’s novel <em>The Black Album</em> and the short story <em>My Son the Fanatic</em> depict contemporary Britain swamped in a <em>religious explosion</em> of radical Islam. They also illustrate white British hypocrisy and the constant molestation of hybrid immigrants. Due to their skin colour, they are exposed to humiliation regularly. The hostile behaviour of white Brits affects their maturation, forcing them to act in a different way. The goal of this paper is to analyze these two literary works and their protagonists as the epitome of hybrid identity, in the tradition of the postcolonial Bildungsroman in order to show that, for them, the only acceptable way is the <em>third way</em>. &nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> Nataša Damljanović Copyright (c) 2023 Nataša Damljanović https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/300 Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100 TESTIMONIES OF TRAUMA AND POSSIBILITIES OF HEALING IN OCEAN VUONG'S ON EARTH WE'RE BRIEFLY GORGEOUS (2019) https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/333 <p>The present paper explores the concept of trauma and its intergenerational transmission in Ocean Vuong’s semi-autobiographical novel <em>On Earth We’re Briefly Gorgeous</em> (2019). This paper aims to present a study of the Vietnamese American immigrant experience within the context of literary trauma studies and argue for both the transgressive power of trauma and the potential of writing to effect healing. Family becomes the space of the intergenerational transmission of trauma, but also a locus of transformation with Vuong highlighting the intimacy that also defines the family members’ relationships. The potential of strong familial bonds and intimate relationships to counteract a legacy of violence and precarity is explored, alongside generic experimentation undertaken by the author.</p> Soultana Diamanti Copyright (c) 2023 Soultana Diamanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/333 Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100 REVERSAL OF ROLES BETWEEN MEN AND MACHINES IN WILFRED OWEN’S POEM “THE LAST LAUGH” https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/322 <p>The present article examines “The Last Laugh” by Wilfred Owen from the perspective of utopian studies. It explores the fact that, in this poem, the roles of men (soldiers) and machines (WWI mechanical weapons) are reversed compared to what they should be like according to the Baconist view of what a normal relationship between humans and machines should be like in a utopia. The said role reversal is based on the personification of weapons and the passivisation of soldiers. The author of this article argues that “The Last Laugh” victimises the three dying soldiers it presents and simultaneously makes their deaths seem futile. The latter, nihilistic message is particularly important because it is closely related to the poem’s anti-utopian aspect which, basically, boils down to the idea that mankind’s machine-making genius does not guarantee the creation of a perfect society but that it may instead only amass the quantity of human suffering.</p> Goran Petrović Copyright (c) 2023 Goran Petrović https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/322 Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100 MAY SINCLAIR AND HER ILLUSTRATORS https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/329 <p>Before the advent of visual media, illustrations were striving to show in images what the written text intended to tell in words. In addition to their semiotic function as highlighting devices for particular contexts and characters’ attitudes in the work of fiction, illustrations exude aesthetic feelings and states of mind which may at times even interfere with the meaning of the illustrated text. The present paper intends to negotiate the effects of the novelist/illustrator interactions on the readers’ reception of the works of May Sinclair, especially in the context of the representation of gender relations. The topic of collaboration will mainly be analysed within Sinclair’s text, as this interaction is itself the subject matter in some of her major works.</p> Khalid Chaouch Copyright (c) 2023 Khalid Chaouch https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/329 Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100 ‘Atrocious Lusts’: The Vampire and Transgressive Sexuality in Polidori, Le Fanu, and Rice https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/331 <p>Gothic literature has always tackled and played with various anxieties present in contemporary culture, often projecting those anxieties onto the figure of the vampire. One of such ever-present themes that the Gothic deals with is sexuality and the fears of changing norms and moral values regarding it, coupled with anxieties related to shifting gender norms and family structures. This paper aims to give an overview of how the Gothic genre deals with transgressive sexuality and the breaking of gender norms. The works discussed here are selected based on how historically important and culturally prominent they are. ‘The Vampyre’ is the first prominent vampire story in English literature, and deals heavily with the titular vampire’s sexual voraciousness. ‘Carmilla’ is the first prominent Gothic story to explicitly deal with lesbianism, while <em>Interview with the Vampire</em> is the most culturally relevant vampire story, and the first prominent one to openly embrace homosexuality. These works are analysed and compared to gain insight into how the representation of transgressive sexuality in the genre changed over time.</p> Stefan Čizmar Copyright (c) 2023 Stefan Čizmar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/331 Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100 Zenia as a Canadian Monster in Margaret Atwood's The Robber Bride https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/337 <p>This paper examines the character of Zenia in <em>The Robber Bride</em> by Margaret Atwood, focusing on the elements of the novel that are characteristic of Canadian literature. These motifs, which include the split attitude towards nature, the double position of the colonizer and the colonized, victimhood and the treatment of otherness, as well as a sense of inferiority in relation to both Europe and the United States, are examined in an attempt to shed light on the way Atwood uses them to construct Zenia as a fantastically powerful adversary to her three protagonists. Bearing in mind that Atwood has argued that the perceived dullness of Canada might be only a disguise, this paper aims to demonstrate how <em>The Robber Bride’s</em> monstrous Zenia brings those hidden hauntings to the forefront.</p> Aleksandra Vukelić Copyright (c) 2023 Aleksandra Vukelić https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/337 Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100 IN FAERY LANDS FORLORN: THE FANTASTIC NARRATIVE POETRY OF QUEEN’S EARLY LYRICS https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/278 <p>Popular music lyrics and mainstream poetry share many similarities. They can both be analysed as poetry, using traditional theoretical tools of such interpretation. The paper focuses on early narrative songs by the band Queen, which all feature fantastic characters and seem to share the same setting. They can be interpreted as parts of the same story that takes place in Freddie Mercury’s imaginary land of Rhye. This paper argues that the songs in question can be understood and analysed as narrative poetry, with the focus on narrative elements such as story, storytelling, narrative formulae, dynamic motion, or narrative intensity (Kenner). Furthermore, importance will be placed on the songs’ intertextual elements, since they help place the songs within the larger literary canon and reinforce their status as poetry. Since music and lyrics create meaning together, special attention will, whenever necessary, also be given to the musical element of the songs.</p> Bojana Vujin Copyright (c) 2023 Bojana Vujin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/278 Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100 Process and Product, Transfer and Adaptation Proper, Real-World Practice https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/332 <p>Understanding the development of adaptation studies and the restrictions, requirements, and possibilities of literature-to-film adaptations enables an effective engagement with adaptations of narrative literature into film. An overview of the disparate approaches to defining adaptations, of Robert Stam’s reevaluation of adaptations on the basis of ‘intertextual dialogism’, and of Linda Hutcheon’s layered understanding of adaptations as processes and products sets up the essential framework for understanding text-to-screen adaptations. The demands for transfer and adaptation proper within adaptations of literary texts to films, and the similarities and differences between cinematic and literary codes complement the essential framework for effectively evaluating text-to-screen adaptations.</p> Vera Nikolić Copyright (c) 2023 Vera Nikolić https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/332 Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100 Contributors https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/350 Aleksandra V. Jovanović Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/view/350 Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100