STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS IN JOYCE’S ULYSSES: LITERARY AND NON-LITERARY INFLUENCES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18485/bells.2024.16.16Keywords:
James Joyce, Dorothy Richardson, Nora Barnacle, stream of consciousness, modernist novelAbstract
This paper aims to examine both literary and non-literary influences on James Joyce’s innovative use of the stream-of-consciousness technique, focusing in particular on two sections of his novel Ulysses (1922): the thirteenth episode, “Nausicaa”, and the final episode, “Penelope”. Since Dorothy Richardson’s novel Pilgrimage (1915) represents the earliest example of the stream-of-consciousness style in the English language, her influence on Joyce will be explored in detail. On the other hand, the non-literary influence of Joyce’s wife, Nora Barnacle, who wrote unpunctuated letters to her husband, will be considered as a possible source of inspiration for the punctuation-free monologue of Joyce’s character Molly Bloom in the final episode. In analyzing these influences, the paper relies on Randall Stevenson’s study Modernist Fiction (1992) and Brenda Maddox’s biographical work Nora: The Real Life of Molly Bloom (2000).
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